Hello everyone.
For over the last couple of weeks (roughly 8 weeks) we have been learning about genetics. This blog is about my summary and how much I have learnt about genetics in just 8 weeks or so. Here is what I have learnt about genetics. Over the weeks, I have learnt how to use these types of words in sentences and how well I have tried understanding some of these words on what I am about to say. I hope you enjoy what I have been learning and who knows, you might learn a thing or two from me!. Here is my summary for genetics.
My Summary:
What is DNA you might ask? Well, the right answer is genetics. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. Every organism thing has this. And yes, I mean every living thing has DNA. Inside a organism (living thing) has trillion of cells each with a nucleus. Inside the cells are called chromosomes. In each humans we have around 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes in each human being). When parents have offspring (child) the total chromosomes they will inherit are 23 chromosomes of each parent. That means in total, the offspring (child) will have exactly 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total). Now lastly, inside chromosomes are what we have such that are called DNA. The shape of our DNA is actually called double sided helix. Our double sided helix has a nucleotide that contains Phosphate, Sugar and lastly a Base. Our 4 based pairing rule are what makes the stairs of our helix. There are known as letters. These letters are called C, G, A, T. G. C and G make a pair because they are both curvy letters. A and T make a pair because they are both sharp letters.
Speaking of DNA. Gene is a section of DNA that codes with a particular trait of our body. An example of this is the different hair colours. Allele is the same but different. Alleles are what different of traits they are for a gene. An example of this is different hair colours such as blonde or blue hair colour. Inherit or Inheritance are the traits of how the alleles get passed down from generations to offspring (children). An example of this can be parent 1 having blue eyes and parent 2 having brown eyes. But how do we exactly know how which eyes will the offspring (children) will get?. That is why we need to understand Punnet Squares and how they are beneficial when knowing the traits of the offspring (children) will have. I will explain the Punnett square and how it works. Recessive allele means a short-case letter. An example of this would be the letter “x”. Next I will be explaining domaint allele . The domaint allele is a capital letter. The domaint allele is stronger compared to the recessive allele. An example of a domaint allele is the capital letter of “A”. Now lastly, the Punnett square is 3 by 3 squares. The way how it works is the the parents chromosomes letter will be placed at the corner of each side. Next identity if the chromosomes of the parents are domaint or recessive alleles . After that you will know what traits will the offspring (children) will get.
1: Here are some words that I have learnt:
DNA: Genetics inside our body
Organism: A living thing
Cells: Inside a living thing contains inside
Nucleus: Inside of a cell
Chromosomes: Inside of a nucleus
Offspring: Child
Double Sided Helix: The shape of our DNA
Nucleotide: Contains Phosphate, Sugar and a Base
4 Based Pairing Rule: A and T go together because they are sharp letters. G and C go together because they are curved letters.
Genes: A part of DNA which codes for a particular trait in my body. (E.g: hair colours)
Alleles: Different versions of the same gene: (E.g: blue eyes and brown eyes)
Phenotype: The outside appearance of the body.
Genotype: The two inherited alleles inside our body. (Inside appearance)
Inherit & Inheritance: The different kinds of alleles the offspring (child) will get. Passed down alleles from generations to generations.
Punnet Squares: A way of determining which alleles will inherit to the offspring (children) will get.
Recessive Allele: A short case letter. (E,g: short cased letter “a”.)
Domaint Allele: A capital letter. (E.g: the capital letter of “A”.)
Purebred: When two of the same type of letters are together. Must be both recessive or domaint. (E.g: BB or bb)
Now let’s move on from that. The next thing I will be covering is Traits. You might ask yourself, what is a trait?. Well, a trait is determined by characteristic and genes to a living thing (animals). Speaking of animals, animals use natural selection to their advantage. But what exactly is natural selection?. You see, natural selection is when nature/ environment chooses the best traits for you to survive and reproduce. Animals use this because so that they can survive to predators in the wild. Another thing is that they can reproduce. Nature chooses the best traits so they they can reproduce and have that same traits to keep the animals to hide and adapt to predators in the wild. That is the reason why animals evolve so that they can survive more longer and quickly adapt to the environment they live in.
2: Here are even more words that I have learnt:
Traits: Determined by characteristics and genes to the living thing will need
Natural Selection: When nature chooses what traits are beneficial for each animals.
Survive: To try and live longer
Reproduce: Making offspring (child)
Adapt: Getting used to something and changing.
Predators: What animals eat other animals
Evolution: When a living thing changes overtime and adapts to the environment they are living in.
CRIPSR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats):
Lastly, I have going to be explaining CRISPR known as (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.) CRISPR is a technology which allows humans to edit DNA. This allows them to edit DNA. I think a beneficial thing about this is that scientist can study more on animal models and quickly create cells. The reason why I think this is because I think that bringing back extinct animals will be better for us to understand about them and their DNA’s. And hopefully by some time, we can bring most of the extinct animals like the Dodo, Saber-tooth tigers and many more so that we can experiment on the different kinds of extinct animals.
Source Link: Here
Have a great day!